![]() For example, Kao and colleagues had participants complete three separate conditions: 16 min of HIIE (1 min running at 90% of HR max with intermittent 1 min bouts of walking) continuous aerobic running (treadmill walking/running at 70% of HR max) and seated rest, undertaken on three separate days and followed by completion of a Flanker task and P3 assessment. Similar P3 changes have been observed in research exploring alternative exercise modalities, including HIIE. To date, most research evaluating inhibitory control and P3 measures following an acute bout of exercise has focused on continuous aerobic exercise, with data revealing significant behavioral and neuroelectrical improvements immediately following such exercise. Specifically, the P3 component is associated with cognitive outcomes of stimulus probability and task relevance. Neuroelectrical measures, including event-related potentials (ERPs), offer additional insight into executive function processes. Inhibitory control is part of executive function and represents the ability to focus on relevant demands and regulate responses to irrelevant distractions. The current study sought to evaluate the effects of different HIIE modalities on temporal dynamics of executive function, specifically inhibitory control and associated neuroelectrical brain-function outcomes in young adults.Įxecutive function is responsible for selection, scheduling and maintenance of goal-directed behavior. Research suggests that short bouts of HIIE provide physiological health benefits comparable to bouts of continuous aerobic exercise of half the duration. HIIE is an emerging training modality typically characterized by intermixed repeated high-intensity exercise bouts (above the anaerobic threshold) and low-intensity recovery periods that last for a short period. Interestingly, recent research reveals greater cognitive benefits for different modalities (or types) of exercise including high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) compared to continuous aerobic exercise, low-intensity active stretching and seated rest, suggesting that exercise modality may also be a contributing factor to cognitive benefits. These comparable improvements at both high-intensity and low-intensity suggest that additional factors may also be influential at different intensities. Thus, intensity may not be a sufficient or exclusive moderating factor to account for cognitive improvements following acute exercise. However, additional meta-analytical evidence complicates this assumption, revealing comparable improvements in cognition at high intensity and low intensity. ![]() Indeed, early meta-analytical data suggest that intensity may be a significant moderator of cognitive benefits revealing an inverted-U relation, with the greatest benefits observed following moderate-intensity compared to both low-intensity and high-intensity bouts. Researchers have sought to establish a dose–response relation between parameters of acute exercise (i.e., intensity, mode and time) and cognitive outcomes, with the intent of providing a universal ‘prescription’ to achieve optimal cognitive benefits. ![]() Such findings reveal that engaging in short bouts of different HIIE modalities for overall health neither improves nor diminishes inhibitory control and brain function for an extended period throughout the day. Together, these data suggest inhibitory control and neuroelectric underpinnings are not affected by different modalities of HIIE at 30 min and 85 min post-exercise. Results revealed no changes in Flanker performance (i.e., reaction time and response accuracy) or P3 (latency and mean amplitude) following either HIIE conditions compared to seated rest. Participants ( n = 24 18–25 years old) completed the Flanker task at two time points (30 min and 85 min) following 9 min of HIIE-aerobic (intermittent bouts of walking and running at 90% of maximal heart rate), HIIE-aerobic/resistance (intermittent bouts of walking and high-intensity calisthenics), and seated rest on three separate counterbalanced days. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the transient effects of HIIE-aerobic and HIIE-aerobic/resistance on P3 and Flanker task performance. However, the evidence is not well established regarding the effects of different HIIE modalities that incorporate aerobic-resistance training on these cognitive and neurocognitive outcomes. Acute aerobic high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has demonstrated positive effects on inhibitory control and P3 event-related potential (ERP) in young adults.
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